batteries https://www.crtech.com/ en Analysis and Design of the Mechanical Systems Onboard a Microsatellite in Low-Earth Orbit: an Assessment Study https://www.crtech.com/analysis-and-design-mechanical-systems-onboard-microsatellite-low-earth-orbit-assessment-study <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--publication-files.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--publication-files.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Analysis and Design of the Mechanical Systems Onboard a Microsatellite in Low-Earth Orbit: an Assessment Study</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--publication-files.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--publication-files.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/user/1" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">bfc-admin</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--publication-files.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--publication-files.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2015-07-15T16:36:07-04:00" title="Wednesday, July 15, 2015 - 16:36" class="datetime">Wed, 07/15/2015 - 16:36</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--publication-files.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--publication-files.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>A study of the mechanical systems contributing to the design and performance of a picosatellite’s mission in low-Earth orbit (LEO) was performed through design and analysis. The unique architecture of this satellite stems from a form factor established by the internationally recognized CubeSat Program. This CubeSat-Plus architecture limits the satellite’s size to be no larger than a 10 x 10 x 15 cm cube with an overall mass not exceeding 2 kg. This satellite would then be launch into LEO and conduct on-orbit GPS measurements while remaining tethered to the second stage booster of a Boeing Delta II Launch Vehicle (LV). To ensure the structural integrity of the satellite, Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was conducted on all primary, secondary, and tertiary structural constituents to determine the maximum stresses experienced by the satellite during launch, deployment, and while in orbit around Earth. All space deliverable platforms must be designed in strength to satisfy a predetermined standard as set forth by the LV provider. Theoretical characterization of the dynamic environment coupled with the equation of motion, and static failure modes were the primary constituents of this assessment study. Consequential data sets piloted the assessment criterion and a means of implementing conclusive remarks. The design of this satellite will reveal evidence of system level design philosophies that were required given the extremely small form factor. The satellite’s on-orbit thermal environment was quantified and characterized using finite difference techniques and solar simulation software. The extremely dynamic behavior of a LEO satellite required a fundamental understanding of both long wave and shortwave thermal radiation along with creative strategies to ensure on-orbit thermal stability for the satellite’s electrical components. Thermal Desktop was employed to develop an accurate thermal model by which to assess incident radiation, conductive and radiative heat management, and temperature-dependent mechanical responses of the satellite’s structure and working systems. Conclusions from both the design efforts and model analyses show that this picosatellite is both sufficiently strong to survive the expected launch loads, and provides a thermally stable environment for the components housed within its interior.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-upload-files--publication-files.html.twig * field--node--field-upload-files.html.twig * field--node--publication-files.html.twig * field--field-upload-files.html.twig * field--file.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-upload-files field--type-file field--label-inline clearfix"> <div class="field__label">Upload Files</div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'file_link' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/field/file-link.html.twig' --> <span class="file file--mime-application-pdf file--application-pdf"> <a href="/sites/default/files/publications/SolomonD0506%20%283%29.pdf" type="application/pdf">SolomonD0506 (3).pdf</a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/field/file-link.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-source--publication-files.html.twig * field--node--field-source.html.twig * field--node--publication-files.html.twig * field--field-source.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-source field--type-string field--label-inline clearfix"> <div class="field__label">Source</div> <div class="field__item">TFAWS Short Course</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--publication-files.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig * field--node--publication-files.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-string field--label-inline clearfix"> <div class="field__label">Author</div> <div class="field__item">Dylan Raymond Solomon</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field.html.twig' --> Wed, 15 Jul 2015 20:36:07 +0000 bfc-admin 1210 at https://www.crtech.com Thermo-electrochemical analysis of lithium ion batteries for space applications using Thermal Desktop https://www.crtech.com/thermo-electrochemical-analysis-lithium-ion-batteries-space-applications-using-thermal-desktop <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--publication-files.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--publication-files.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Thermo-electrochemical analysis of lithium ion batteries for space applications using Thermal Desktop</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--publication-files.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--publication-files.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/user/1" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">bfc-admin</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--publication-files.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--publication-files.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2015-07-15T16:21:54-04:00" title="Wednesday, July 15, 2015 - 16:21" class="datetime">Wed, 07/15/2015 - 16:21</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--publication-files.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--publication-files.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are replacing the Nickel–Hydrogen batteries used on the International Space Station (ISS). Knowing that LIB efficiency and survivability are greatly influenced by temperature, this study focuses on the thermo-electrochemical analysis of LIBs in space orbit. Current finite element modeling software allows for advanced simulation of the thermo-electrochemical processes; however the heat transfer simulation capabilities of said software suites do not allow for the extreme complexities of orbital-space environments like those experienced by the ISS. In this study, we have coupled the existing thermo-electrochemical models representing heat generation in LIBs during discharge cycles with specialized orbital-thermal software, Thermal Desktop (TD). Our model's parameters were obtained from a previous thermo-electrochemical model of a 185 Amp-Hour (Ah) LIB with 1–3 C (C) discharge cycles for both forced and natural convection environments at 300 K. Our TD model successfully simulates the temperature vs. depth-of-discharge (DOD) profiles and temperature ranges for all discharge and convection variations with minimal deviation through the programming of FORTRAN logic representing each variable as a function of relationship to DOD. Multiple parametrics were considered in a second and third set of cases whose results display vital data in advancing our understanding of accurate thermal modeling of LIBs.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-upload-files--publication-files.html.twig * field--node--field-upload-files.html.twig * field--node--publication-files.html.twig * field--field-upload-files.html.twig * field--file.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-upload-files field--type-file field--label-inline clearfix"> <div class="field__label">Upload Files</div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'file_link' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/field/file-link.html.twig' --> <span class="file file--mime-application-pdf file--application-pdf"> <a href="/sites/default/files/publications/TD_Application_0.pdf" type="application/pdf">TD_Application.pdf</a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/field/file-link.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-source--publication-files.html.twig * field--node--field-source.html.twig * field--node--publication-files.html.twig * field--field-source.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-source field--type-string field--label-inline clearfix"> <div class="field__label">Source</div> <div class="field__item">Science Direct (Journal of Power Sources)</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--publication-files.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig * field--node--publication-files.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-string field--label-inline clearfix"> <div class="field__label">Author</div> <div class="field__item">W. Walker, H. Ardebili</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field.html.twig' --> Wed, 15 Jul 2015 20:21:54 +0000 bfc-admin 1192 at https://www.crtech.com Reliability Engineering and Robust Design: New Methods for Thermal/Fluid Engineering https://www.crtech.com/reliability-engineering-and-robust-design-new-methods-thermalfluid-engineering <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--publication-files.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--publication-files.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Reliability Engineering and Robust Design: New Methods for Thermal/Fluid Engineering</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--publication-files.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--publication-files.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/user/1" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">bfc-admin</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--publication-files.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--publication-files.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="2015-07-15T14:02:00-04:00" title="Wednesday, July 15, 2015 - 14:02" class="datetime">Wed, 07/15/2015 - 14:02</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--publication-files.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--publication-files.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Recent years have witnessed more improvement to the SINDA/FLUINT thermohydraulic analyzer than at any other time in its long history. These improvements have included not only expansions in analytic power, but also the additions of high-level modules that offer revolutions in thermal/ fluid engineering itself.</p> <p>One such high-level module, “Reliability Engineering,” is described in this paper. Reliability Engineering means considering tolerances in design parameters, uncertainties in environments, uncertainties in application (e.g. usage scenarios), and variations in manufacturing as the stochastic phenomena that they are. Using this approach, the probability that a design will achieve its required performance (i.e., the reliability) is calculated, providing an assessment of risk or confidence in the design, and quantifying the amount of over- or under-design present.</p> <p>The design to be evaluated for reliability will likely have been produced using traditional methods. Possibly, the design was generated using the Solver optimizer, another high-level module available in SINDA/FLUINT. Using design optimization, the user quantifies the goals that make one design better than another (mass, efficiency, etc.), and specifies the thresholds or requirements which render a given design viable or useless (exceeding a performance limit, etc.). SINDA/FLUINT then automatically searches for an optimal design.</p> <p>Robust Design means factoring reliability into the development of the design itself: designing for a target reliability and thereby avoiding either costly over-design or dangerous under-design in the first place. Such an approach eliminates a deterministic stack-up of tolerances, worst-case scenarios, safety factors, and margins that have been the traditional approaches for treating uncertainties.</p> <p>In any real system or product, heat transfer and fluid flow play a limited role: there are many other aspects to a successful design than the realm of thermal/fluids that is encompassed by SINDA/FLUINT. Therefore, this paper concludes with brief descriptions of methods for performing interdisciplinary design tasks.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-upload-files--publication-files.html.twig * field--node--field-upload-files.html.twig * field--node--publication-files.html.twig * field--field-upload-files.html.twig * field--file.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-upload-files field--type-file field--label-inline clearfix"> <div class="field__label">Upload Files</div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'file_link' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/field/file-link.html.twig' --> <span class="file file--mime-application-pdf file--application-pdf"> <a href="/sites/default/files/publications/releng1.pdf" type="application/pdf">releng1.pdf</a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/field/file-link.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-source--publication-files.html.twig * field--node--field-source.html.twig * field--node--publication-files.html.twig * field--field-source.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-source field--type-string field--label-inline clearfix"> <div class="field__label">Source</div> <div class="field__item">CRTech White Paper</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--publication-files.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig * field--node--publication-files.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-string field--label-inline clearfix"> <div class="field__label">Author</div> <div class="field__item">Brent A. Cullimore</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field.html.twig' --> Wed, 15 Jul 2015 18:02:00 +0000 bfc-admin 1178 at https://www.crtech.com A CAD-based Tool for FDM and FEM Radiation and Conduction Modeling https://www.crtech.com/cad-based-tool-fdm-and-fem-radiation-and-conduction-modeling <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--title--publication-files.html.twig x field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--publication-files.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">A CAD-based Tool for FDM and FEM Radiation and Conduction Modeling</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field--node--title.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--publication-files.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--publication-files.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/user/1" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">bfc-admin</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--publication-files.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--publication-files.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'time' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/time.html.twig' --> <time datetime="1997-09-01T16:56:05-04:00" title="Monday, September 1, 1997 - 16:56" class="datetime">Mon, 09/01/1997 - 16:56</time> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/time.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x links--node.html.twig x links--node.html.twig * links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/content/links--node.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--body--publication-files.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--publication-files.html.twig * field--body.html.twig x field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Thermal engineering has long been left out of the concurrent engineering environment dominated by CAD (computer aided design) and FEM (finite element method) software.&nbsp; Current tools attempt to force the thermal design process into an environment primarily created to support structural analysis, which results in inappropriate thermal models. As a result, many thermal engineers either build models “by hand” or use geometric user interfaces that are separate from and have little useful connection, if any, to CAD and FEM systems.</p> <p>This paper describes the development of a new thermal design environment called the Thermal Desktop. This system, while fully integrated into a neutral, low-cost CAD system, and which utilizes both FEM and FD methods, does not compromise the needs of the thermal engineer. Rather, the features needed for concurrent thermal analysis are specifically addressed by combining traditional parametric surface-based radiation and FD based conduction modeling with CAD and FEM methods. The use of flexible and familiar temperature solvers such as SINDA/FLUINT is retained.</p> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field--text-with-summary.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-upload-files--publication-files.html.twig * field--node--field-upload-files.html.twig * field--node--publication-files.html.twig * field--field-upload-files.html.twig * field--file.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-upload-files field--type-file field--label-inline clearfix"> <div class="field__label">Upload Files</div> <div class="field__item"> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'file_link' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/field/file-link.html.twig' --> <span class="file file--mime-application-pdf file--application-pdf"> <a href="/sites/default/files/publications/ices-98es-51_0.pdf" type="application/pdf">ices-98es-51.pdf</a></span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/field/file-link.html.twig' --> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-source--publication-files.html.twig * field--node--field-source.html.twig * field--node--publication-files.html.twig * field--field-source.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-source field--type-string field--label-inline clearfix"> <div class="field__label">Source</div> <div class="field__item">ASME</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-author--publication-files.html.twig * field--node--field-author.html.twig * field--node--publication-files.html.twig * field--field-author.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field.html.twig' --> <div class="field field--name-field-author field--type-string field--label-inline clearfix"> <div class="field__label">Author</div> <div class="field__item">Tim Panczak, Steve Ring, Mark Welch</div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/crtechd9/templates/classy/field/field.html.twig' --> Mon, 01 Sep 1997 20:56:05 +0000 bfc-admin 1219 at https://www.crtech.com